Investigation into Virtual Organisation facilities Coursework

Investigation into Virtual Organisation facilities - Coursework Example Growing complexity in the business environment makes "business as usual" ineffective. (Keen, 1991) Globalization calls for communication and synchronization across diverse time zones and locations. Time constraints require reduction in reaction time, driving businesses to just-in-time inventory, orders, scheduling, payments, manufacturing, distribution, etc. Change has become the norm, an unpredictable basic reality. The fresh economic cutting edge is the knowledge economy, and right now about 97% of all employment expansion is coming from knowledge work. Wealth today is generated principally by the value people add through new ideas. (Moyer, 1994) What members of these workgroups do is called collaborative work and they must often overcome barriers of time zones and geography to document what has been accomplished. (Stuck, 1995) To stay aggressive in today's business atmosphere requires new levels of collaboration and dexterity, both within and between organizations. Communications networks and IT are the tools that make possible this "working together apart," and telecommuting (or home working) is making workgroups more productive. (Stuck, 1995) IT plays a fundamental role in supporting critical activities, enabling organizations to make efficient and effective changes in the manner in which work is performed (Turban, 1996) and offering real potential for changing the way in which people work (Daniels, 1995). For example, the Internet provides a way for small businesses to create a virtual organization to complete projects (Blotzer, 1995). Companies are forming worldwide mutual provisions as the basis for developing a competitive advantage from technology (Bailetti, 1993). Coordination of IT management presents a real challenge to these firms which have to deal with detached, decentralized IT practices (DeSanctis, 1994). While decentralization may bring litheness and fast response to changing needs, it also makes systems integration difficult, presents' obstruction to standardization, and acts as a disincentive for achieving economies of scale (DeSanctis, 1994). In juxtaposition with rapid changes in the business environment, the way in which business is conducted is also changing at a rapid pace. Groups, not individuals, have become the fundamental unit of work in modern organizations, with non-routine and new work most often being accomplished through teams, committees, or ad hoc workgroups (Finholt, 1990). Groups and group behavior are momentous for both organizational performance and individual group members. Computer-based technology may affect these groups and their behavior. At least some electronic groups behave

Effect of Anticoagulant on Blood Calcium

Effect of Anticoagulant on Blood Calcium Effect of Anticoagulant: Can Heparin Produce Negative Bias in the Determination of Total Blood Calcium? Soma Santra1, Manju Soni2, Ajay Soni2, Swati Kotwal ­Ã‚ ­1* KEY WORDS:  Quality control, pre-analytical, serum calcium, kit method, o-CPC Abstract Calcium is a vital element in the body which plays an important physiological role as it act as a second messenger in many biochemical pathways. Accurate results of total and ionic calcium level plays a pivotal role in patient care and management. Measurement of serum calcium helps to identify many clinical disorders. Many preanalytical conditions affect the blood calcium estimation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of heparin, used as an anticoagulant on total blood calcium assay. Blood specimen from 10 healthy subjects were collected and the difference in total calcium contraction in plasma and serum samples was assessed. No significant changes were observed when plasma levels were compared with the serum values with p value of 0.56. Deming regression analysis yielded the equation: 1.02 Ãâ€" (serum total calcium value) + 0.28 mg/dl. The bias value was -0.109 mg/dl (95% CI: -0.248 0.030 mg/dl) for total calcium levels assayed using either tube was acceptable. Total calcium values did not significantly differ when either plasma or serum was used with the spearman correlation coefficients (r value) of 0.98. In conclusion, heparinized tubes can be used for the determination of total blood calcium. The use of plasma sample has an advantage in an emergency laboratory setting due to less processing time. Keywords:  Calcium, Heparin, Quality control, Preanalytical, Phlebotomy, Blood collection device Introduction In recent years, there has been an increasing effort by international committees and working groups to develop quality standards for the pre-analytical phase, including the proper use of anticoagulants in sample collection (1, 2). Anticoagulants are additives that inhibit the clotting of blood; they are used only on ensuring that the concentration of the substance to be measured is changed as little as possible before the analytical process (3). The preanalytical laboratory testing takes two major steps: Blood collection and processing (4). The ionic calcium level in blood is recognized to be falsely decreased either due to dilution or binding effects of heparin, which is applied as an anticoagulant (5). The CSLI recommends the use of lyophilized calcium-balanced heparin syringes (6, 7) for collecting specimens for ionized calcium measurement. It has been proposed that ionized calcium levels can be affected by excess of heparin present in blood (8), although it was believed that the clinical significance was minimal (9). In this study, we are determining the effect of heparin on assay of total blood calcium to analyze preanalytical error in the collection of blood samples. Materials and Methods This study was approved by Swami Vivakanand Medical Mission ethical Committee. Informed consent was obtained from the donors. For evaluation of the effect of heparin on total blood calcium assay, blood samples were obtained from the 10 subjects. Blood samples were sequentially obtained by single venipunture from an antecubital vein in BD PresetR lithium heparin tubes (Ref. No. 367884) and BD vacutainer serum (Ref. No. 367812). All the subjects were between 18 50 years age group including both genders. Plasma levels of total calcium were compared to the serum calcium, which was used as a reference here. After the blood withdrawal, samples were then recapped into individual containers, followed by sample centrifugation. The plasma and serum samples were separated within 30 minutes of blood collection. Commercially available biochemical kit (Liquid Gold, Span diagnostic, India) by Arenazo-III method was used for total calcium Assay. Within 2 hours after collection, total calcium was me asured in all samples in triplicate and mean was used for further analysis. Data were evaluated using Analyse-it software (version 2.26). For all statistical comparisons, p values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Data concordance was evaluated via Deming regression analysis. The mean of differences (bias) and limits of agreement was calculated using the Bland and Altman method (10). Differences between total calcium level obtained from plasma and serum were compared using the paired t-test. Correlations were determined via calculation of Spearman correlation coefficients (r values).  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­ Results The total calcium values of samples analyzed in the present study ranged from 8.69 10.47 mg/dl and the mean total calcium values obtained using BD lithium Heparin was 9.34  ± 0.18 mg/dl whereas that for serum samples was 9.48  ± 0.18 mg/dl with SD of ≠¤0.57 (Table 1) by 1-way ANOVA. The Spearman correlation coefficient was r = 0.98 (p Discussion Serum is the preferred sample which is used by many laboratories for biochemical testing since it avoids the addition of anticoagulants that may interfere with some analytical methods or alter the true concentration of the parameters being measured. The use of serum or plasma in clinical pathology remains controversial. However, analyte stability is greater in serum than in plasma (11, 12) and differences between plasma and serum test results have often been documented (13). Moreover, in stored samples, the formation of fibrin strands is lower in serum than in plasma and therefore, there is lesser risk of occlusion in automated biochemical analyzers. However the use of plasma is preferred in some centres as it separates quickly saving preanalytical time thus reducing the total testing period (TTP); secondly, 15–20% more plasma sample can be obtained from the same volume of blood than the serum sample and lastly, with plasma there are no coagulation-induced changes or interferences (3). Heparin has been generally recommended as the most suitable anticoagulant for plasma collection (14) due to its physiological acceptance in vivo. Although in previous reports, a significant differences in selected parameters have been found between heparinized plasma and serum samples (13, 15). In our study, serum and heparinized plasma yielded similar results with no significant changes in total blood calcium assay this confirms the views of Thorensen, S.I.,et al (15) who also reported similar observations; and this adds up to the observation of Ladenson, J., et al (13) in which clinically significant changes were observed in ionic calcium observations on use of heparinized plasma over serum results.. We found that the Spearman correlation coefficient was 0.98, indicating a good correlation, when total calcium test results when plasma and serum were compared. Deming regression analysis yielded the slope of the regression line that did not approximate unity, suggesting that, in addition to the presence of a small constant bias, a small and non-significant proportional difference also existed between the test results obtained upon use of the two tube types (16). The total calcium assay bias was -0.109 mg/dl. The criteria of acceptable limits imprecision for total calcium ass ay is 1mg/dl and medically allowable error is 0.37 mg/dl (17, 18). In the present study, we observed that the total calcium concentrations of plasma samples were slightly lower than serum samples with no clinically significant differnece and the bias values were smaller than US CLIA 1988 targets. Although collection of blood samples from the patients administered with heparin prior to the collection may hold in excess of heparin, increasing clotting time in the collection tube and thereby increasing the potential for the establishment of latent fibrin in the preanalytical phase. Preanalytical variables associated with blood collection should be further standardized to ensure the accuracy of test results. It is impractical to expect tube manufacturers to test out their subway systems on all possible assay platforms; this is a project for individual research laboratories. Conclusion We conclude that heparinized tubes are suitable for sample collection for total calcium assay. With the use of heparin tubes use faster processing of blood samples can be possible, which is valuable in an emergency setting and in intensive care units. Moreover, single sample can be used for multiple purpose, including both hematological and biochemical analyses. References Guder, W.G., Ehret, W., da Fonseca-Wollheim, F., Heil, W., Muller Plate, O., Topfer, G. Serum, plasma or whole blood? Which anticoagulant to use? Laboratory Medicine 22, 1998: 297–312. World Health Organization. Use of Anticoagulants in Diagnostic Laboratory Investigations. vol. 1 WHO/DIL/LAB/99, Geneva, 1999: 1–64. Guder, W.G. The quality of diagnostic samples. Blood Gas News 10, 2001: 18–24. Raffick A.R. Bowen, Glen L. Hortin, Gyorgy Csako, Oscar H. Otaà ±ez, Alan T. Remaley. Impact of blood collection devices on clinical chemistry assays. Clinical Biochemistry 43, 2010, 4–25. Sachs C, Rabouine P, Chaneac M, Kindermans C, Dechaux M. In vitro evaluation of a heparinized blood sampler for ionized calcium measurement. Ann Clin Biochem. 199; 28:240–244. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Ionized calcium determinations: precollection variables, specimen choice, collection, and handling; proposed guideline. Villonova, PA: NCCLS; 2001. NCCLS Document C31-A. Cheung Soo Shin, Chul Ho Chand, Jeong Ho Kim. Liquid Heparin Anticoagulant Produces More Negative Bias in the determination of Ionized Magnesium than Ionized Calcium. Yonsei Med J., 2006; Apr: 47(2):191–195. Ritter C, Ghahramani M, Marsoner HJ. More on the measurement of ionized magnesium in whole blood. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1996;224:275–280. Toffaletti JG, Wildermann RF. The effects of heparin anticoagulants and fill volume in blood gas syringes on ionized calcium and magnesium measurements. Clin Chim Acta. 2001;304:147–151. Bland JM, Altman DG:Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement.Lancet, 1986,1:307–310. Boyanton B.L. Jr, Blick KE: Stability studies of twenty-four analytes in human plasma and serum. Clin Chem2002,48:2242–2247. Narayanan S:The preanalytic phase an important component of laboratory medicine. Am J Clin. Pathol2000,113:429–452. Ladenson, J., Lii-Mei, B., Michael, M.D., Kessler, G., Heinz, J. Serum versus heparinized plasma for 18 common chemistry tests. Is serum the appropriate specimen? American Journal of Clinical Pathology 62, 1974: 545–552. Burtis, C.A., Ashwood, A.R., 2008. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, Sixth ed. WB Saunders, Philadephia, pp. 31–43, 42-62. Thorensen, S.I., Havre, G.N., Morberg, H., Mowinckel, P. Effects of storage time on chemistry results from canine whole blood, heparinized whole blood, serum and heparinized plasma. Veterinary Clinical Pathology 21, 1992: 88–94. Martin RF: General deming regression for estimating systematic bias and Ä ±ts confidenceÄ ±nterval in method-comparison studies.Clin Chem2000, 46:100–104. US Dept. Of Health and Human Services. Medicare, Medicaid, and CLIA Programs: regulations implementing the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA). Final rule. Fed Regist 1992;57:7002-186. Desirable specifications for total error, imprecision, and bias, derived from intra- and inter-individual biologic variation. http://www.westgard. com/biodatabase1.htm.

Public Libraries Essay -- Library Science, American Library Associatio

My Library: Celebrate the County Public Library Public libraries play a pivotal role in the lives of many Americans, from early education to senior services. The majority of Americans believe their local library improves their community (94%), and an equally significant number (65%) have visited at least one time in the past year (American Library Association, 2010). Residents of Connecticut are no exception. As of 2007, Connecticut boosts 195 public libraries containing a circulation of approximately 15.5 million books, and enjoys the third highest rate of per capita library visits in the nation, at 6.5 visits per capita (National Center for Education Statistics, 2009). The West Hartford Public Library, bests the state average, with approximately 10.5 library visits per capita and a circulation of almost 1 million books, a significant slice of the total state circulation (National Center for Education Statistics, 2009). As the birthplace of Noah Webster and mere miles away from the former homes of Mark Twain and Harriet Beec her Stowe, West Hartford has a rich literary history that continues to this day. American libraries have suffered financial blows in recent years (American Library Association, 2010), with Connecticut libraries suffering a 15 year operating income low in 2010 (CT Library Community); however, in the current state of the nation, public libraries are experiencing a resurgence in popularity, as individuals hurt by the recession flock to public libraries (Rooney-Brown, 2009). Residents of communities across the country are taking advantage of the free services public libraries offer, such as dvd rentals, computer usage, social groups, workshops, lectures, and countless other benefits (Rooney-Brown, 2009).... ...ion Statistics, 2009). If residents were aware of the numerous services offered by the library, presumably they would visit the WHPL at a greater frequency. The primary tactic of the campaign will be to leverage each service as an argument for visiting the library. The campaign will present a significant number of arguments and in turn, boost My Library’s credibility. The services presented may range from free Internet and computer usage to free mediation sessions. The diversity of the services in addition to the sheer number of services will provide a strong argument, as each service provides a unique benefit to library patrons. Equally important, the act of visiting the library requires a strong degree of motivation and effort. Research shows that several robust arguments significantly supplement the power of a message if the recipient is highly involved (Petty &

Personal and Business Ethics Essay

Individuals and organizations both have their own specific values and codes of conduct which guides their behavior. The individual values should be aligned with the organizational values which make up its culture or else it would result in work place conflict. Organizations need to change their culture at times for the purpose of increased success and profitability or it will not be able to standout and beat the competition. This requires understanding, awareness, communication of objectives, strong sense of commitment and most importantly effective leadership guidance. This paper discusses first the personal and business analysis based on their respective values, mission, vision and code of ethics. Then it goes into the depth of the business ethics by highlighting its social responsibilities and various moral philosophies and ethical principles. Finally, a plan for changing organizational culture is put forward which will ensure success and profitability for the organization in the changing environment. Personal Analysis Every individual has certain values and beliefs on which depends his entire code of ethics. Personal ethics are as much important as the business ethics. A manager needs to have his own personal own values first so that he can relate to the organization’s values. Personal values and code of ethics are important for interacting with people within and outside the organization. A manager needs to have this for dealing with people and adhering to the standards. (Hartman and DesJardins, 2007) Values The personal values that a manager needs to cultivate and that I personally feel important are: Respect The first and foremost ethical priority which I developed from my childhood is ‘respect’. I believe every work should have an element of respect for dealing with people. Communication will not result in fruitful results without respect. If there is respect then people from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds can have a dialogue with each other for making important decisions. Therefore, respect is important in all businesses for making decisions that turn out to meet the strategic objectives of the organization. Trust Another important value which I developed from my mistakes, observations and experiences was trust. It is an obvious fact that decisions and deals are based on trust. A manager needs to trust his employees for accomplishing the assigned task. This doesn’t means that one should become completely dependent on others rather he should develop trust to an extent of efficient running of the business. If I can only trust my employees then I’ll be putting them on important assignments or discussing problems with them and thus, the decision making process will become faster. Truthfulness An individual should always try to be truthful in his deals or else no one even his employees will be able to trust him. Thus, truthfulness in business deals establishes the integrity of a person and people trust him Dignity Dignity becomes important when an organization comprises of people from different cultural backgrounds. Every person has his own self-esteem and pride which should be maintained. Dignity develops through lifetime experiences of an individual. Fairness For maintaining your workforce and expanding your business, fairness plays an important role. A manager should be fair in his dealings not only with the internal and external partners to the company but also to the customers. Customers will only prefer the products and services of a certain company if they find it fair and honest. Personal Code of Ethics Personally I feel that a manager should treat people with dignity and respect which appear to me the most important personal values so my code of ethics also surrounds them.   For me showing respect and dignity for others becomes beneficial in the long run because in the business environment there are people from diverse cultural backgrounds. Therefore, treating people with dignity and respect is my personal code of ethics. Personal Mission/Vision Statement To cultivate and practice the values of respect, trust and integrity to achieve a recognized position in my profession and will take every possible measure to spread these values in my coworkers. Business Analysis Like every individual, organizations also have a culture and a code of ethics which centers on their core values. General Mills Foundation is counted amongst the world’s largest food company marketing over 100 food products. It deals in cereals, meals, Pillsbury, snacks, yogurt, organic foods, bakeries and food services. The company also operates internationally and has joint ventures to make its service available globally. The company focuses on community services for which General Mills Foundation has been established. They provide financial support to nonprofit organizations which work for the fitness and proper diet of the youth and also provide them education (General Mills). Vision/Mission Statement To become the no.1 food marketing company in every food category through speedy and efficient supply of products in the markets beating out the competition. Workplace Values The values practiced at General Mills become a source of their strength and actually guide them to take an active part in community work and help the society. These values fulfill their promise to the consumers, customers, investors and to the company itself. The first and foremost value practiced at General Mills is superior customer service and satisfaction which gives them a competitive edge over other food marketing companies. They make this possible through their brands, people, innovation and performance. They build leading brands so that consumers establish a trust with them making their lives healthier. Another important value which is seen in their workforce is diversity which they consider as an opportunity with employees from diverse cultural backgrounds. The company spends on research and development and strives for innovation to further increase their sales and improve their business. Finally, the company believes in giving outstanding performance to its customers, suppl iers and investors to establish strong and healthy relationships with them. The three most important values the company has endured on over the time are honesty, integrity and trust. These values remain at the heart of the organization and strengthen the ethical conduct and personal integrity of the employees (General Mills). Code of Ethics The company has set very high standards of ethical conduct and does not compromise on any deficiency. It expects from its employees to demonstrate ethical conduct and integrity not only in dealing with customers but at every step of their lives. The company is highly regarded as the ethical company because it centers around the ethical values of honesty, trust and integrity which makes up the code of ethics for the company. Culture at General Mills The culture of any organization is built on its ethical and moral values which the organization believes are important.   The culture should be strong enough to maintain and retain strong relationships with the customers, suppliers and investors. The culture is highly characterized by community involvement, diversity and corporate social responsibility. Their activities focus on the betterment of the environment. They make sure that the effect of their products and the packaging is minimum on the environment. The company donates huge amount of money for communities and also volunteers for them. There is a strong sense of commitment amongst the employees and the customers towards the company. Due to this they have build customer loyalty with feelings of trust and respect prevailing among the customers for the company.   The culture at General Mills is highly service driven. We see a combination of clan and market culture dominant in the work environment where employees work in a friendly and social environment supporting the clan perspective and the organization is results and sales oriented supporting the market perspective. The leadership and management style are democratic taking into account the ideas and suggestions from their employees and allowing for easy interaction between the top management and the coworkers. Thus the culture at General Mills is highly supportive of the community action implemented by the company and strives to enhance relationships with both the customers and the investors (General Mills). Social Responsibilities An important part of General Mills culture is corporate social responsibility. The company is recognized as a responsible corporate citizen who not only strives for its economic performance but also maintaining the environment and serving the customers. The social responsibility which the company highlights at its website is to sustain the environment from any hazardous production operations. For this purpose General Mills Foundation has been established which ensures that the environment is protected from any such operations. The foundation also works for the community through donations and other volunteering programs. The company is very effective in its social responsibility programs which can be seen it from its activities in reducing water and energy usage, controlling air emissions from production operations, using recyclable materials, minimizing and managing waste materials and protecting the environment from any hazardous waste materials or other production processes. Thus i t can be said that General Mills has effectively met its responsibilities which it promises and continues to do so (General Mills). Ethical Analysis and Training Programs It is rightly said that General Mills is an ethical company because of all the ethical and social responsible activities that it practices. Employees are first trained in the job so that work in an environment friendly way. They are taught the production processes that result in minimum wastage of resources of release of any harmful materials or gases. The company also initiates programs on topics of youth nutrition and fitness so that the youth can live a healthy and fun loving life. From the research and observation on the company, no weakness seemed to appear in the ethical conduct seen at the organization. This makes the company a leading food marketer and adds to its strength.

Economics of the movie business Essay

Most of the movies that are eventually released are cofinanced. This is a term that is used within the movie industry to describe those films for which there are more than one firm that share both the cost of production as well as the revenues. Nearly one-third of all the movies that are released are cofinanced. Various studies have shown that the main reason for cofinancing is to manage and share risk. Most of the major studios are in the category of publicly traded firms where the investors are free to carry out their own diversification decisions. Not always is the cofinancing decision related to the movie returns as the studios rarely cofinance highly risky films1. Demand is difficult to predict and thus financial risk remains to be a characteristic of the film industry since most of the cost is incurred long before the demand can be actualized. It’s thus the reason that most of the authors in this field have argued that the key variable that shapes the industry is the financing strategy adopted. Mainly, there are three ways in which cofinancing would reduce risk associated with the movie production. First, the cofinancing of the relatively risky films by the studios would give them the opportunity to participate in the less risky projects. Second, cofinancing would allow studios to fine tune their portfolios thus gaining the advantage of covariances of the gains across the movies. The third advantage of cofinancing is the simple law of large numbers to share a potential loss . Data collection The data to be used here in this paper is the information provided forth in Goettler, R. L and Leslie, P. (2004) where information on over 3,826 movies was exhibited in the US between 1987 to 2000. The primary source of the data was the Internet Movie Database (IMDb). The analysis focused mainly on ownership choices of the major studios. Out of the 3,826 movies examined, 1,305 were produced by the major studios. The analysis here focuses on ownership choices that have been made by the major studios. Movie profitability has been based on the return on investment, RIO, which is defined as the revenue divided by the cost. Revenue in this case was measured as the North America box office revenue and cost was obtained from the production budget. Film’s negative cost, which is the standard measure of production cost was also used. Other cost such as advertising are in most cases proportional to the cost of production and were thus not evaluated in this kind of study. Thus the ROI evaluated here was basically the relative profitability of the films but not the absolute profitability. Also the measure of revenues in this study excluded some revenues such as foreign box and video revenue. It would be ideal to use all the revenue sources but the approach would have limited the number of films in the analysis as most of this kind of data is only available only to a subset of films. At the same time limiting the analysis only to the films with this kind of extra data may introduce selection bias as most of this data maybe limited to the successful films only1. Identification of cofinanced films The listing of a production company is the first sign that there are cofinancing partners but this is not a sufficient condition. The most important criteria is to know if a firm contributes towards the production cost. Its worth to note that a firm can be credited for having contributed into the production company of a film after initiating then selling the project to a major studio even without retaining revenue shares. This kind of arrangement referred to as â€Å"first-look deal† is common between a semi-independent production company and a studio in a long-term relationship. The criteria used here in determining if a film is cofinanced is that first if a major studio is on the list of the production company for a certain film, then the assumption is that the studio has some ownership stake in the film. Second, Variety magazine was a source of those firms with the first-look deals from the â€Å"Facts on Pacts† list and those that are equity partners. The assumption here was that a firm was a joint owner if it was on the production company list and also on the equity partner2. For those movie that an independent firm and a major studio cofinanced, the question of whether either of these two had the option of being sole-owner remains. In simple term, one may also question which among the two firms initiated the entire project? The available information suggest that the studio usually has the mandate to decide if it will co-own or just be a sole-owner. This kind of decision called â€Å"greenlighting† is usually made during decision point of whether to make the movie or not. Complications do arise like when two companies have the same subsidiary structure such as having the same parent company and at the same time end up owning the same movie. In such cases, it was assumed that the movie was not cofinanced since the production divisions happen to work as integrated components of the parent studio rather than as being competitors. Another point of ownership ignored was the cases where the directors or the star actors negotiate a part of the movie revenues. This was so because most of this happens as a result of the directors/actors strong bargaining power to have a share of the revenue once the movie is successful rather than a strong will to share and manage risk.

The Conservative Presidents of the 1920s essays

The Conservative Presidents of the 1920's essays The Conservative Presidents of the 1920s The 1920s opened with the election of a new president and would open a new chapter in United States History. Conservative Republicans would rule politics during the 1920s. Conservatism can be defined as being uneasy with change and the idea that government could be blamed for much of the problems. Conservative politics looked down on involvement of government in the business world. Three successive conservative Republicans would be elected to presidency and would create soaring business and put farmers and unions through a time of depression. Warren Harding was the first of three presidents to be elected. After his death, Calvin Coolidge would take over presidency. When Coolidge declined to run for a second term, Hoover won election in 1928. During the twenties the economy was stressed rather than politics. The nation saw a small slump post civil war that was followed by a boom in business which ended in 1929 when the stock market crashed and depression came. Warren Harding was the first of the conservatives to be elected in 1921. Harding was very popular among the Republicans and has been a newspaper publisher in Ohio before his political career began. Harding did not have strong leadership skills. Harding won over the United States by saying the people wanted A return to normalcy and that he would work for peace and prosperity for his country. Harding made the decision to not enter the U.S. into the League of Nations that was suggested by the previous president Woodrow Wilson. President Harding worked to form peace with countries that we had been at odds with over the Wilson administration and previous to that. He also worked on domestic affairs as well. Harding first worked at lowering the taxes. He also reduced the national debt by twenty-six billion dollars. He then went ahead and created a Department of Budget to promote the...

Free Essays on The Bell

The Bell. Thursday I came to school, as I always have, to get my daily dose of information since in the T-days, (as The University of Houston’s vernacular would describe them), I get most of my education. Since in those days I take fourteen of my the eighteen hours, well that day I came to English class, as every other day, being the last one, one would expect not to pay attention at all but today was not the case, as we were going through class discussion as we normally do, Ms Garlick embraced class as she had done previously and addressed a poem written by one of her friends, this poem was about a little bell, the poem at first might seem futile for most people since when you read it, it does not seem to make any sense, yeah even though poems are supposed to be read, this one breaks away from the category of comprehensible poetry since it is more than what it seems, it has a concealed meaning, a meaning that cannot be found until it is thoroughly explained, well this gothic comp ! osition read like this; The little deaf bell Is full of bees In a darkness that might as well have been a small black box For everybody who passes has forgotten the sound is still the bell And this is not a likely sound for the heart of human Josh Mehrgan After I read this poem, I asked myself, what the hell is this guy talking about? And then Ms Garlick was kind enough to tell us what Josh meant with it, basically she told us what Josh meant with his poem since she knows him very well, she said that Josh thought as the bell as lonely and he made the assumption that it was sad, but its meaning was still indistinct to me†¦ Does the bell really fell lonely? , Sad? , Happy? , Old? . But I was not going to sit there and just be told what the little bell felt, so I embarked myself into the quest of finding this little bell and after some demanding search of this relic I came to find myself in wha... Free Essays on The Bell Free Essays on The Bell The Bell. Thursday I came to school, as I always have, to get my daily dose of information since in the T-days, (as The University of Houston’s vernacular would describe them), I get most of my education. Since in those days I take fourteen of my the eighteen hours, well that day I came to English class, as every other day, being the last one, one would expect not to pay attention at all but today was not the case, as we were going through class discussion as we normally do, Ms Garlick embraced class as she had done previously and addressed a poem written by one of her friends, this poem was about a little bell, the poem at first might seem futile for most people since when you read it, it does not seem to make any sense, yeah even though poems are supposed to be read, this one breaks away from the category of comprehensible poetry since it is more than what it seems, it has a concealed meaning, a meaning that cannot be found until it is thoroughly explained, well this gothic comp ! osition read like this; The little deaf bell Is full of bees In a darkness that might as well have been a small black box For everybody who passes has forgotten the sound is still the bell And this is not a likely sound for the heart of human Josh Mehrgan After I read this poem, I asked myself, what the hell is this guy talking about? And then Ms Garlick was kind enough to tell us what Josh meant with it, basically she told us what Josh meant with his poem since she knows him very well, she said that Josh thought as the bell as lonely and he made the assumption that it was sad, but its meaning was still indistinct to me†¦ Does the bell really fell lonely? , Sad? , Happy? , Old? . But I was not going to sit there and just be told what the little bell felt, so I embarked myself into the quest of finding this little bell and after some demanding search of this relic I came to find myself in wha...