Factors Influencing The Factor Analysis - 2512 Words

Factor analysis According to Maria Eva, the factor analysis is a technique in the statistics to observe variability in the correlated variables in terms of lowers number of unobserved variables, which is necessary for factorization (Maria Eva, 2012). Dehak, Kenn, Dehak, Dumouchel, Ouellet, further stated that, the factor analysis is useful technique to investigate the relationship between the variables in complex concepts and the main purpose of the factor analysis is to reduce the number of variables associated with the measure and to detect the structures of the relationship between the variables (Dehak, Kenn, Dehak, Dumouchel, Ouellet, 2011) . The application of factor analysis widely used in social research (Steinfeld, Navon, Creech, Yakhini, Tsalenko, 2014). The current study employs factor analysis to reduce the items’ in the questionnaire for data reduction as per the recommendations of In addition, the factor analysis is used to construct the factor based on the items’ in the scale (Wang Ahmed, 2004). Hence, the factor analysis is used for data reduction and structuring the variables. Factor analysis has two types as discussed below, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (Costello Osborne, 2005). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Costello Osborne, (2005) said that, factor analysis is used to uncover the structure of relatively large set of variables in the data(Costello Osborne, 2005). EFA identifies the underlying relationship between theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Factors Influencing Success and Failure of Expatriate Managers511 Words   |  2 PagesAnalysis of Factors Influence Success and Failure of Expatriate Managers There are many factors that need to be considered when assigning a manager into an expatriate role. Of the many factors that most often lead to success, emotional intelligence (EI), transformational leadership, cultural awareness, and the ability to adjust to a foreign culture and attain productivity and performance quickly (Baliga Baker, 1985). Ultimately, the four major determinants of expatriate performance include technicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Vasquez s Theories And Factors Influencing The Principles Of The System Of Gears1269 Words   |  6 Pagesremains cognizant of the challenging nature of implementing all five principles and urges educators to â€Å"remember you don’t have to do it all† (p.21). The subsequent paragraphs are an introspection regarding the degree of implementation and the factors influencing the execution of the aforementioned principles in my current setting. The primary principle expressed by Vasquez is the focus on integration. Vasquez(2013) states, â€Å"that combining two or more of the disciplines helps students see the relatednessRead MoreFactors Influencing Individual Investor Behavior1439 Words   |  6 PagesFactors Influencing Individual Investor Behavior: An Empirical study of the KSA Financial Market research Contents TITLE PAGE NO 1. ABSTRACT 3 2.INTRODUCTION 2.1 Background to the Study 2.2 Statement of The Problem - Specific Objectives of the study - Research Questions 2.3 The scope of the study 2.4 The Relevance of the study 4 5 6 6 7 7 3. LITERATURE REVIEW 8 4. THE RESEARCH DESIGN a. Type of study b. the Model equation c. Hypothesis d. Data collection methods c. The sapling designRead MoreSensitivity Analysis850 Words   |  4 PagesIn general sensitivity analysis, the most influencing parameters are identified through building a statistical linear model, partial t-test, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Sensitivity analysis was conducted through Design of experiments (DoE) in order to determine the most influencing geological parameters on the Gas Assisted Gravity Drainage process performance. DoE combines multi-level of each parameter to create many computer experiments evaluated by the compositional reservoir simulation toRead MoreFactors Influencing The Performance Of Start Up Business Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesqualitative and quantitative data in order to interpret factors influencing performance of start-up businesses in Northampton United Kingdom. According to Cooper and Schindler (2003), a descriptive study is concerned with finding out what, where and how of a phenomenon. This method is concerned with the intense investiga tion of problem solving situations in which problems are relevant to the research problem. This design was used to understand underlying factors of each variable in being researched. A correlationalRead MoreHuman Resource Planning and Development Leads to Success Essay examples1396 Words   |  6 Pagesproductivity at an optimal point. Factors or Issues Influencing Labor Demand at McDonalds: Generally, human resource management is the responsibility of professionals in the human resource department. The primary role of this department is to ensure that McDonalds hires and retains competent employees who help in the realization of business objectives. One of the major ways that such kind of employees are recruited and maintained in the corporation is through constant analysis of the labor market. ActuallyRead MoreImplications Of Heterogeneity In The Enhanced Oil Recovery Process957 Words   |  4 PagesThe heterogeneity is a rock factor that impedes fluid distortion through porous media where it has a great influence on the sweep efficiency in Enhanced Oil Recovery processes. Furthermore, it can be considered as the most crucial factor that strongly affects the hydrocarbon recovery efficiencies, especially in heterogeneous reservoirs. Therefore, quantifying the effects of heterogeneity and anisotropy is an essential step in reservoir simulation and Enhanced Oil Recov ery (EOR) studies as that leadsRead MoreEvaluation Of Six Sigma Improvement Process Essay1519 Words   |  7 Pagesquestion; â€Å"What problem would you like to fix?† In this case the primary business objective is to predict the stresses and warp of the specimen with varying factor levels. Also the primary objective is to make use of computer simulations to predict the stress as this would lower the cost of actual production cost. The team uses design and analysis of computer experiments (DACE) to predict the stress caused by the laser welding process. The Define phase well-articulated in Identifying the business objectivesRead MoreFactors Affecting Loan Payment1723 Words   |  7 Pagesand Rural Development ========================================== Factors Affecting on loan Repayment Performance of Farmers in Khorasan-Razavi Province of Iran Mohammad Reza Kohansal Assistant professor of agricultural economic dep., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Hooman Mansoori Msc student of agricultural economic dep., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran Abstract This study investigated the factors influencing on repayment behavior of farmers that received loan from agricultural bankRead MoreFive Forces Analysis Worksheet1561 Words   |  7 PagesFIVE FORCES ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Exhibit III-1 Five Forces Affecting Industry Structure ENTRY BARRIERS Economies of scale Proprietary product differences Brand identity Switching costs Capital requirements Access to distribution Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve Access to necessary inputs Proprietary low-cost product design Government policy and international treaties Expected retaliation RIVALRY DETERMINANTS Industry Growth Fixed (or storage) costs/value-added Intermittent overcapacity

Theory of aging Free Essays

Ageing or aging is the process of getting older. Age is commonly taken into account in social interaction and age differentiation is commonly a basis for allocating social roles and resources. A theory of aging or a formal intervention strategy, by its very nature as a human activity, always contains a story with implicit and explicit meanings or ontological images of human nature, its development and its teleology. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory of aging or any similar topic only for you Order Now This article focuses the social, cultural, and economic effects of ageing. Aging is an important part of all human societies reflecting the biological changes that occur, but also reflecting cultural and societal conventions. Age is usually, but wholly arbitrarily, measured in years and a person’s birthday is often an important event. As a feature of social change and as an aspect of social stratification, ageing and age groups have been seriously neglected by sociological theory. To conceptualize age groups in a multi-dimensional model of stratification this considers ageing in relation to economic class, political entitlement, or citizenship, and cultural life-styles. Theories given by many sociologists on aging are as follows:- Modernization Theory This is the view that the status of the elderly has declined since industrialization and the spread of technology. Disengagement Theory This is the idea that separation of older people from active roles in society is normal and appropriate, and benefits both society and older individuals. Activity Theory A view holding that the more active people are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with life. Continuity Theory The view that in aging people are inclined to maintain, as much as they can, the same habits, personalities, and styles of life that they have developed in earlier years. Cognitive Theory A view of aging that emphasizes individual subjective perception, rather than actual objective change itself, as the factor that determines behavior associated with advanced age. Demographic Transition Theory The idea that population aging can be explained by a decline in both birthrates and death rates following industrialization. Exchange Theory The idea that interaction in social groups is based on the reciprocal balancing of rewards depending on actions performed. The impact of social and sociocultural conditions and social consequences of the process of aging is termed as social gerontology. Normal declines in all organ systems, usually occurring after age 30. (The period between Birth – 30 years is usually called â€Å"Development† or â€Å"Maturation†) The future of public welfare with regard to older people is being questioned in all industrial societies, thus it is more important than ever to understand the relationship between old age and public policy. Older people have been expected to adjust to the reification of age into convenient social categories for the purposes of resource distribution and rationing. It is important in health and social welfare, the social and health deficits become translated into need, how need can be forestalled or optimum conditions created for its alleviation, and what can be done to promote the quality of life in old age by practical means. We turn to mental health theorists to elaborate our definition of life satisfaction and well-being and then to psychological research to suggest how to prepare ourselves now for a good old age in the future. Many older people face many problems, without programs for the aging and the human services workers who help older people use them, many more would be in difficult circumstances. As more and more elderly live longer life spans it is likely that many of those older individuals in their sixties and seventies may have surviving partners, which is a new phenomenon in our society. Many elderly people are healthy, vital, and in good financial circumstances. The term â€Å"young old† categorizes the health and social characteristics of the elderly rather than the very old. On the other hand, improvements in health care and the quality of life have made it possible for people to live longer. On the other hand, for many older people survival into old age is not a blessing. Many suffer from poverty; isolation, and no productivity. The large population has become a problem for society, as we have not created channels for productive use of leisure time and means for old people to meet their own needs successfully. On the whole, our society is ill prepared to cope with the increasing number of older people. To work successfully with older people, it is important to understand their social status today in relation to changes that have occurred in this century. In addition, it is important to understand the aging process and the strengths and weaknesses of people in the later phases of life in coping with their status and problems. In the eastern culture’s respect for old age, the elderly were given status and power of life and death over the young, perhaps old age was a better time of life than young adulthood. Many of these ancient values have transcended time and exist today in Eastern cultures, where the elderly are generally revered and, therefore, are well cared for by the society as a whole. Aging is a disease that reaches all of us, but its symptoms can be postponed with the proper combination of diet, supplementation and exercise. Reference: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare:-  By University of Connecticut School of Social Work, Western Michigan University College of Health and Human Services, Western Michigan University School of Social Work 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Enduring Questions in Gerontology  By Debra J. Sheets, Dana Burr Bradley, Jon Hendricks 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Policies for an Aging Society  By David L. Shactman 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Housing an Aging Society: Issues, Alternatives, and Policy  By Robert J. Newcomer, Mortimer Powell Lawton, Thomas O. Byerts 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Aging Families and Use of Proverbs for Values Enrichment  By Vera R. Jackson 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ageing, Status Politics and Sociological Theory Bryan S. 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Contra by Vampire Weekend free essay sample

What comes to mind when you hear the word vampire? A certain marble-skinned, sparkling member of the living undead? In fact, Im referring to the Polo-wearing, Ivy League-bred, indie boys of Vampire Weekend. After garnering both popular and critical acclaim with their self-titled debut two years ago, they are back with the highly anticipated â€Å"Contra.† Vampire Weekends debut still remains the gold standard and is nearly impossible to surpass. But with â€Å"Contra,† the group doesnt even try to mimic their previous style. Electronic rhythms are present throughout (thanks to band member Rostam Batmanglijs work in his side project, Discovery) along with traces of reggae, calypso, and even ska. Sure, theyre still lashing out against rich snobs, but its in a style that effortlessly blends modern with traditional. There are glimpses of the old Vampire Weekend, especially in the vibrant, falsetto-filled â€Å"White Sky† and the summery track â€Å"Horchata,† with its whimsical keyboard and playful lyrics. We will write a custom essay sample on Contra by Vampire Weekend or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the fast-paced â€Å"Cousins† marks the bands transition. With irregular bursts of bass and an energetic guitar line, it could be the next â€Å"A-punk† except for the punk vibe it gives off. And although â€Å"California English† might seem like another â€Å"Oxford Comma,† when the auto-tune kicks in, it is clear this is a new Vampire Weekend. Vampire Weekend also cast away their happy-go-lucky image with the introduction of two ballads. The heartfelt â€Å"Taxi Cab† is a beautiful apology, filled with delicate keyboard and orchestral crescendos. This melancholy mood repeats in the closer, â€Å"I think UR a Contra.† Though the song sounds more like the Dirty Projectors than Vampire Weekend, lead singer Ezra Koenigs mournful vocals stop you from pressing the â€Å"Skip† button. Contra, a neutral word, suggests conflict but does not define either side as good or bad. This is reflected in the song as the mood shifts between hopeful and dejected. Its safe to say that Vampire Weekend is one of the music industrys most unique bands. They have a style that is undeniably theirs; no other band has dared to imitate it because they just cant pull it off. What ultimately endears them to fans is that they are willing to experiment instead of just churning out variations of old hits. In â€Å"Contra,† Vampire Weekend gives us what we want and more. The hooks are catchier, the rhymes are crazier, and with its synth loops and dancehall beats, â€Å"Contra† proves that the dorky, prep-school boys of Vampire Weekend will charm listeners for years to come.

Innocence of Frankenstein Monster

Frankenstein has been a very famous fiction novel in British society. Since its creation, it is still regarded as a very famous novel today. Frankenstein is about a monster that was created from corpses by a scientist named Victor. The monster creates havoc and ends up killing Victor’s brother William as well as his wife Elizabeth.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Innocence of Frankenstein Monster specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Victor, in rage, seeks out the monster but who confesses his crime and begs for mercy and a mate to help fight his loneliness. Victor creates the mate but then destroys it fearing the consequences. Because of that, the monster kills Victor’s bride and nearly evades Victor. Victor later dies but the monster, regretting everything, flees to die also. Through this novel, Mary Shelley sought to teach her audience not to view others with evil because of appearance but to vie w others with intentions and to understand that not all people that look like villains are villains. Through emotions, the audience is able to understand both sides of the story, and would also make better judgments on other people. This makes up the central issues that will guide this paper. The creation of the monster traces Mary Shelley’s life and influence in science by her husband and father. Mary’s creation of the monster, in literary terms, is clear shown in her already known prowess that she has gained by writing other novels as well as literary articles. In the novel, Frankenstein grows up as child who has no obvious satisfying life. Mary depicts Victor as young man who, therefore, is not happy and, thus, all through his life, before the creation of the actual monster, in the science lab, has being searching for happiness. The name of the novel as Frankenstein conceals the major occurrence of the novel, hence, masking the intentions of the writer at first. As a result, the reader is not forewarned of the impending scary nature of the scenes and what is going to transpire and, therefore, Mary averts preconceived judgments against her work. It is only after reading the work that we, readers, get to knowing the harrowing details of scientist’s creation of monster that executes the people he loves. Mary’s childhood life was full of misery and poverty that restricted her search for emotional fulfillment. In her love life, she was not well lucky to maintain her husbands to her life to the end of age. As a result, Mary Shelley’s life would be characterized as one that had tasted misery and, sometimes, loneliness.Advertising Looking for term paper on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More She had experienced desperation at one point of her life to the point of committing suicide only to be persuaded otherwise by her fellow friends who loved and cared for h er (Grylls, p. 5- 25). As a result, therefore, when she presents Victor as one who is searching for happiness. It becomes clear that Mary has a personal background in the issue. Victor Frankenstein’s life could not have been different from Mary’s based on the facts mentioned above. However, this concern of this paper is the search for reasons to believe that the monster acted out of innocence. Frankenstein’s creation of the monster was a search for expression that should have found its forms in different contexts and activities. By concentrating on him and forgetting on the rest of the world, his interests in alchemistry and philosophy led him to lose the reasoning needed to evaluate and analyze the consequences of his actions. Truly, Victor would have first rationalized his concepts before creating such a monster since philosophy is an illustration of applied critical reasoning. The fault, therefore, lies initially with Victor before even the creation of the mo nster. The fact that Victor Frankenstein had seriously sought answers on questions concerning these studies from his tutors reveals that he had the capacity to profile information as well as actions. As result, therefore, Victor was in a position to prevent his actions from hurting others. The creation of the character Victor by Mary points to one fact that Shelly wanted the reader to know, in that human actions, may be sometimes guided by foolishness despite such persons having achieved lofty ideals and positions in the society. In more replicas to her situations in life, she might have been castigating those instances in her life when actions illustrated such gullibility yet the owners had proved through other methods were capable of intellect and reason. This was especially true for her marriage wows with Godwin who had influenced the 18th century society by his article Political Justice. Godwin left her for another woman with obvious depreciation of his initial intelligence and brightness. His behaviors must have demoralized Mary who already had experienced desertion from her previous love life. By creating a monster, Mary sends a message to the reader about the occurrence of evil in the minds of people who might seem straight. Victor, in his childhood life as well as his teenage life, had not espoused any characteristics that would have associated him to evil. It is from this point of view that the monster should be understood, that humanity is flawed and its intentions can only be evaluated after an action.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Innocence of Frankenstein Monster specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the critics of the works of monsters, Chris Baldick in Smiths (p. 439), observes that the monsters were used in an effort to showcase vice on the stage in order to vindicate virtue. By the sole statement, the reader can find its application in the creation of the monster in t he novel Frankenstein. Mary’s concern was not about the monster but about Victor Frankenstein as a representation of humanity. It is worth noting that the monster’s behavior in the novel emanates from not about his creation but rather as a result of the treatment he receives among his creator and the other humans who meet him. The monster feels unaccepted and lonely in the world that unfolds before him. His efforts to create warmth and rapport with humans resulted in hurt feelings and emotions. The humans let him feel and experience the vagaries of weather because of the fact that he did not look like them. This means that humans valued the creature from its otherwise unpleasant looks rather than from what the creature felt about himself. At this juncture, Shelley’s work shed light on the human kind flaws yet they take the foremost fronts in the claim for love, warmth and freedom. By their actions, they sort to deny the creature freedom to express his feelings, hence, they may be seen as hypocrites. Shelley creatively lets the readers discern the message by going through her novel step by step. By getting inspirations to other works that alluded monsters, philosophy, literature, history and religion, her work is a commentary about the concerns of human beings in their daily activities. She lets the reader powerfully observe that the human beings are evil that creature by thinking about him in terms that are contrary to what he thinks. This, however, starts from Victor as the first degree of human who behaves in the most selfish manner. The ambitions that lead Victor to create the creature reveal a human who lacks the standards human action and judgment. He is in a symbolic manner similar to the creature in the fact that his thinking that leads to the use of stolen body parts and secretive chemicals mixed together. After the creation of the creature, Victor demonstrates his monstrosity by the hate that he develops concerning the creature. T his elevates to obsession of hate, hence, the creature experiences hate from its creator to the society (Dorn, p. 15). This has the sole effect to reveal the flaws that humanity has. Victor’s shrouded secrecy in his actions of creating the creature as well as of destroying it reveal that the human intentions should not be first exercised before judging someone. Victor, therefore, stands condemned in the eyes of the reader when it becomes clear that he is the source of this evil.Advertising Looking for term paper on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Symbolically, therefore, the creature presents a double in the novel to refer back to him. The movement of the creature in search for knowledge and to understand humanity, the reader understands that Victor seeks to understand the society which is of higher creation from a higher scientific status than his (Shelley, p 68) He, thus, finds that people are not humane at all and, therefore, evil is to human not to creatures or products of human knowledge application. Humanity comes out clearly as a system that believes and advocates for suppression of others as well as exclusion. The creature as a being that transcends any limits of the construction of humanity reminds the reader that it creates boundaries which are meant to only bring evil to the society (Smith and Shelley, p. 444). The use of a monster by Shelley powerfully points to the fact that our selfish, thoughtless and restrictive society leads to evil things that eventually turn against us. These evils do not help but rather a dd to misery created and justified through high science and intellect. This is evident on the fact that Victor runs away from his creation rather than training it to understand the humanity language as well as codes used in the society. The creature’s attempt to seek a relationship with its creator results in more anguish pain and death. Therefore, Frankenstein’s work is clear illustration of how the human society has created evil knowingly and later deserts from public limelight through secrecy and fear leading to the worst atrocities committed against humanity. Victor’s knowledge of the real murderer of his friend Henry does not fulfill the reader’s expectation of his public acknowledgement of the situation. He, therefore, repeats the same mistake when his sister, Moritz, is accused of murder and he does nothing to protect her despite his knowledge. It, therefore, becomes clear that Victor is the source of the evil nature of the monster. In any case, th e creature starts to kill Victor’s persons of great love and interests in the effort to bring Victor down from his position of foolish pride and self attained divine nature (Bloom, p. 42). The rejection that the creature receives from all sides of the society as a result of its ugliness results in hate and vengeance which violates more the human society standards of practice and beliefs. In this sense, therefore, the creature is one not to be blamed but its creator and, therefore, the evil nature as a result of human actions. Victor actually professes this when he observes that he may be the murderer of the persons that were killed by the creator (Glut, p. 69). Shelley’s intentions of writing this novel, therefore, were founded early in her search for assistance from her father who was an innovative scientist in medicine. Shelley’s ideas meant that she would construct literary work that would help explain human suffering this time not as seen in her fatherâ€⠄¢s treatment issues but the moral point of view. She lets the reader figure out that Victor’s lack of sense of morality in human actions could find solutions in death of the various creations in human decayed society. She observes that lofty ambitions lead to immoral actions that lead to fallen states of human nature. The fallen states only lead to death and, therefore, Victor advises Walton to abandon his ambitions of travels to the icy North. This would have led to his death and also cause misery to the family of his fellow men counterparts (Shmoop, p.13). Shelley further treats the idea of secrecy just like morality. According to this work, the need for the society to know and acknowledge the truth through recognized and measured standards leads to the release of burden and free of guilt. It is only after Victor lays bare his secrets to Walton that the whole situation becomes rested. Frankenstein discovers the eternal ideals that help him to realize that he is on the wron g through actions. It is this confession that also leads the monster to confess and seek for the termination of its life after getting to know its creator’s mind. Shelley, therefore, pegs the importance of truth to life changing situations and revelations that are necessary and, hence, placing it as a center of right and wrong (Levine, p. 58). If humans observed and allowed truth to prevail, then the ills of the society like the one caused by Victor would be no more (Literature Essays n.d.). In this position, Shelley places herself at a higher moral point than the reader and, hence, requires people to exercise truth in all of their lives. The expectation of punishment is self meted in the case of Victor and justice for the creature is attained by the soul and body afflictions of his creator. As for Victor, he gets his rewards in kind and this is what he realizes at the end of his life. He recognizes that those were empty pursuits that should not be followed by any human being who values his life and sanity (Smith and Shelley, p. 450). In the novel Wicked, this theme finds strength just in Shelley’s work. Maguire clearly depicts the consequences of living a life that too well is known to cause despair and death. In this novel, conspiracies created by Maguire creatively depict betrayals murders that occur in the witches land as a result of lies that bind. What becomes of these witches by the end of the day is death and pain the truth gets revealed by different parts and characters interested in setting things for own personal gains. In this novel, the author Maguire presents the story of Elphaba as a no ordinary child destined for sorcery but born in a religious family. Elphaba’s relationship with the members of her life and friends is characterized of sorcery which emanates from her inheritance. She is, however, different in that she does not use her meaning to threaten and kill other people unless as it becomes necessary (Levine and Knoepf lmacher, p. 46). Her life is filled with strange instances that depict her evil nature a descent of the father’s inheritance as a witch. By the end of the novel, Elphaba’s actions are paid by her death when she gets poured a bucket of water. This confirms Maguire’s intentions of writing the novel in that he wants the audience to understand that the consequences of the actions that we do in our lives come to haunts and to some lead to our fall. Upon examination of these two novels, therefore, Shelley and Maguire examine the issues of truth and its implication to the human as well as super human experience. It becomes clear that any attempts to withhold truth, at one point, lead to evil situations that are dangerous (Milner, p. 49). In conclusion, therefore, this paper supports the proposition that the monster in Frankenstein text can be absolved from blame since the evil in its is a reflection of the human society characterized and embodied by Victor. At the same time, it is clear that Shelley used this monster in order to describe the inadequacies of human nature from limitless position in the society. Indeed the monster realizes the gender codes for real humans to be very confusing and unbelievable, hence, the translation that human society is full if flaws. The fact that human’s rejection of the monster led to its evil nature Shelley observes that human nature is evil. To add salt to injury, humanity through stupidity leaves things to sort themselves out after serious triggering the occurrence of such scenarios. Maguire’s work reinforces the idea of the need for truth. If truth is allowed to prevail in both novels then the situations that lead to such ugly scenes and loss of life will be averted leading to peaceful societies. The intention to the audience for these works can not be underemphasized since they deal with issues that are presented from the moral point of view, hence, reflecting some the demarcations of human li fe. The question of morality in Shelley’s work takes center stage to convince the reader that each member in the society is responsible for his action. She clearly outlines the weaknesses of human kind through the reflections of mirror like monster and, hence, creates the need for self examination in the reader. By representing Victor one who had gained enough intellectual light Shelley to some extent castigates high intellectuals. She seems to attack the very profession she has known all through her life and probably cautions the lack of self control in such pursuits. It is, thus, worth noting that in these works, the authors do not celebrate such deaths but rather their depiction is to set the stage for the audience to think about them deeply and seek to change issues and problems that may lead to such instances. Works Cited Bloom, B., Abigail. The Literary Monster on Film: Five Nineteenth Century British Novels and Their Cinematic Adaptations. North Carolina: McFarland, 20 10. Print. Dorn, Sherman. Accountability Frankenstein: understanding and taming the monster. New Yrok:IAP, 2007Grylls, R., Glynn. Mary Shelley. Ardent Media, 1938.Print Glut, F., Donald. The Frankenstein archive: essays on the monster, the myth, the movies, and more. North Carolina: McFarland, 2002.Print. Levine George. The realistic imagination: English fiction from Frankenstein to Lady Chatterley. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983. Print. Levine George and Paul Knoepflmacher. The endurance of Frankenstein: essays on Mary Shelley’s novel. California: University of California Press, 1982. Print. Literature Essays. Frankenstein and morality. n.d. Web. Milner, Hindley. Frankenstein Or the Man and the Monster! New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2004 Shmoop. Wicked. The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West. New York: Shmoop University Inc. Print. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein: or, The modern Prometheus. Oxford: G. and W.B. Whittaker, 1823. Print. Smith, Johanna and Mary Shelley. Frankenstein: Case studies in contemporary criticism. UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000. Print. This term paper on Innocence of Frankenstein Monster was written and submitted by user Araceli Z. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Literary Analysis A Guide to Writing a Perfect Literary Analysis

Literary Analysis A Guide to Writing a Perfect Literary Analysis The process of learning how to write a literary analysis can be daunting and overwhelming at first, but as you gain more practice with this kind of thinking, you can craft a method that works best for you. Literary Analysis Essay A literary analysis essay is an argumentative analysis that carefully examines a piece of literature by looking at the characters of the story, theme, tone, setting as well as the plot and other literary devices used to narrate the story. It encourages a reader to think about how and why a novel, poem or play was written. Its meant to be an analysis of a key element in the literature thus you should refrain from writing a paper that explains every single point of the plot of the story. An argument can be raised by looking at the authors intentions and attempting to explain their significance or from a personal perspective in which case the original text has to defend and account for the argument to the reader. 7 TIPS TO WRITE A LITERATURE REVIEW The Purpose of a Reading Analysis The purpose of a literary analysis is to demonstrate why the author used specific characters, themes, settings, imagery, etc. to persuade the reader in a story. It tries to identify an important theme and then investigates the literary devices that the author used to reveal that theme. The literary analysis also helps to develop critical thinking skills in students by challenging them to look beyond the literal meanings by dissecting the story to see how the pieces fit together. Literary Analysis vs. Reading Analysis From a general view, literal analysis delves into the why and tries to understand the obvious and hidden meanings that lurk beneath the main plot. It causes one to not only reflect on the story itself but to understand the bigger picture of history, human condition etc. Reading analysis, on the other hand, is the act of reading to extract information. 5 Steps on How to Write a Literary Analysis Essay The process of learning how to write a literary analysis can be daunting and overwhelming at first, but as you gain more practice with this kind of thinking, you can craft a method that works best for you. Here is a guide that outlines everything you need to know to write a good literary analysis. 1. Choose and Focus on the Topic First, you need to read the work thoroughly and ensure you understand the plot of the play, poem or novel and who the characters are. An analysis is only possible when you have a clear understanding of the story. Always pick a topic that interests you as it is easier to start off with something you enjoy. Brainstorm a list of potential topics (themes) by asking yourself questions like, What was striking in the text? Why did the author write this? How are characters developed? How are the literary devices used? and try to look for connections and patterns by mapping out the different aspects of the chosen element. 2. Gather Evidence Its important for students to research the topic before writing. Collect enough material to help you answer or support your question. 3. Introduction to a Literary Analysis Essay The introduction to a literary analysis essay makes the first impression on a reader so its essential that you bring it out in a clear and concise manner. A good introduction to a literary analysis essay should provide relevant information about a particular aspect of a work of literature and orientate the reader to what will follow. The introduction must, therefore, include a book, author, title, main characters, short summary, and thesis. A thesis appears as the last sentence in the first paragraph and will mainly allude to the three main points you wish to address in the main body of the essay. Here is an example of a good thesis statement for literary analysis: In a Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens demonstrates the process by which an unfruitful and wasted life can be redeemed. Sidney Cartons intense love for Lucie Manette transforms him from a hopeless man into a hero and star whose life and death bring so much meaning. 4. The Body of a Literary Analysis Essay After the introduction, you will move towards the body of your essay where you present the paragraphs (usually three paragraphs for a 500-750 word essay) that support your thesis statement. Each paragraph in the body should include a topic sentence, textual evidence (paraphrase or quotation), commentary/explanation and a concluding sentence. 5. Conclusion of a Literary Analysis Essay This is the last paragraph in your essay which should reflect how your essay topic relates to the book as a whole. You will need to summarize all that you have discussed in the essay without introducing any new ideas. Formatting a Literary Analysis Literary analysis papers are generally written using MLA citation style formatting guidelines unless specified otherwise by your professor. Here is the article about MLA essay format with the  example: MLA ESSAY FORMAT Writing literary analysis is often a time-consuming activity that requires a lot of research and skill. With the use of our writing services, you will not only receive quality literary analysis essays even on the most challenging topics, but you will create a more professional piece that depicts you as one with a deep understanding of literature. Get an expert writing assistance today, place an order and leave your worries behind.

Overview and Explanation of an Alford Plea

Overview and Explanation of an Alford Plea In the law of the United States, an Alford plea (also called a Kennedy plea in West Virginia)Â  is a plea in criminal court. In this plea, the defendant does not admit the act and asserts innocence, but admits that sufficient evidence exists with which the prosecution could likely convince a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty. Origin of the Alford Plea The Alford Plea originated from a 1963 trial in North Carolina. Henry C. Alford was on trial for first-degree murder and insisted that he was innocent, despite three witnesses who said they heard him say he was going to kill the victim, that he got a gun, left the house and returned saying he had killed him. Although there were no witnesses to the shooting, the evidence strongly indicated that Alford was guilty. His lawyer recommended that he plead guilty to second-degree murder in order to avoid being sentenced to death, which was the likely sentence he would receive in North Carolina at that time. At that time in North Carolina, an accused who pled guilty to a capital offense could only be sentenced to life in prison, whereas, if the accused took his case to a jury and lost, the jury could vote for the death penalty. Alford pleaded guilty to second-degree murder, stating to the court that he was innocent, but only pleading guilty so that he would not receive the death penalty. His plea was accepted and he was sentenced to 30 years in prison. Alford later appealed his case to federal court, saying that he was coerced into pleading guilty out of fear of the death penalty. I just pleaded guilty because they said if I didnt, they would gas me for it, wrote Alford in one of his appeals. The 4th Circuit Court ruled that the court should have rejected the plea which was involuntary because it was made under fear of the death penalty. The trial court verdict was then vacated. The case was next appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which held that for the plea to be accepted, the defendant must have been advised that his best decision in the case would be to enter a guilty plea. The Court ruled that the defendant can enter such a plea when he concludes that his interests require a guilty plea and the record strongly indicates guilt. The Court allowed the guilty plea along with a plea of innocence only because there was enough evidence to show that the prosecution had a strong case for a conviction, and the defendant was entering such a plea to avoid this possible sentencing. The Court also noted that even if the defendant could have shown that he would not have entered a guilty plea but for the rationale of receiving a lesser sentence, the plea itself would not have been ruled invalid. Because evidence existed that could have supported Alfords conviction, the Supreme Court ruled that his guilty plea was permitted while the defendant himself still maintained that he was not guilty. Alford died in prison in 1975. Implications Upon receiving an Alford plea from a defendant, the court may immediately pronounce the defendant guilty and impose sentence as if the defendant had otherwise been convicted of the crime. However, in many states, such as Massachusetts, a plea which admits sufficient facts more typically results in the case being continued without a finding and later dismissed. It is the prospect of an ultimate dismissal of charges which engenders most pleas of this type. Relevance In the law of the United States, an Alford plea is a plea in criminal court. In this plea, the defendant does not admit the act and asserts innocence, but admits that sufficient evidence exists with which the prosecution could likely convince a judge or jury to find the defendant guilty. Today Alford pleas are accepted in every U.S. state except Indiana, Michigan and New Jersey and the United States military.

Competitive Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Competitive Analysis - Essay Example Apple’s growth is mainly due to social factors. Currently, people are ready to explore new trends in technology due to limited time for leisure, changes in how people live or work, and the internet has become a way of life. People need devices that will enable them to shop online, attend lessons online and also play games online (David, 2010). Technologically, apple first developed the tablet, but other companies introduced the product later. However, most of these companies have withdrawn their services due to high competition and demand for continued innovation. Currently, only two companies dominate this market and they include Apple and Samsung. These two companies face continued court cases regarding patent infringement. Therefore, it is upon Apple and other companies involved in tablets production to continue innovating and coming up with new products so that they can remain in the market. This is because with the current rate of technological advancement, it may not be certain that tablets will remain forever, or a new product will come into the market (David, 2010). Various competitive forces that have positively impacted on the organization are introducing new devices before any of its competitors can do so, maintaining its I-culture as the brand name, and low price strategy. Based on the market and the industry, there is an exceptionally high competitive rivalry between suppliers as the market is highly volatile and any entrant can penetrate the market and gain a large share or loss. However, Apple has the upper hand in staying strong in the market regardless of the high rivalry between suppliers. Apple currently enjoys a large market share than Samsung, which stands at more than 80%. On the other hand, Apple is a unique brand both on its design and software. Apple uses its own operating system while Samsung uses android, which is similar to other

Management theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management theory - Essay Example The research paper is designed to study the imperatives of fast changing perspectives in managerial leadership within an organization and to study its impact on the performance outcome of the employees and organization, as a whole. A medium size company ABC Corporation was taken up which is a pioneer in wireless broadband technologies and related products and services that have huge scope in the emerging market if tapped timely. In the current cut throat competitive business environment, Acme urgently needs to widen its market through strategic business partnerships with global business entities and venture capitalists that can facilitate market its products and services. The organization currently employs around fifty employees at various levels of administrative and non administrative posts. The employees come from different race, culture and color but are observed to work amicably. The company has a decent growth graph but needs to expand its areas of operation to maintain a competitive edge over its rivals. The research was focused on the managerial leadership of the organization and the organizational climate. The workforce along with their leaders are important part of the organization who work together to achieve their organizations’ goals and objectives. The research has made concerted efforts to study the organizational behavior and communication within the company and has studied in depth the impact of implementation of management theories, especially, McGregor’s theory of management. The changing times have made the businesses more competitive, thereby making it obligatory for them, as well as for the working force to become more flexible and swiftly adapt to the changing technologies and work environments. The changing socio-economic environment made it imperative that more consideration be paid to socio-cultural

Money Over Power Beyond its Fate Essay Example for Free

Money Over Power Beyond its Fate Essay Money is the root of all evil. It is the most powerful thing in the world besides love. Sometimes money can ruin love in a friendship, relationship, or even worse family. Money can even decide the fate of a human’s life. â€Å"There is so much about my fate that I cannot control, but other things do fall under the jurisdiction. I can decide how I spend my time, whom I interact with, whom I share my body and life and money and energy with. I can select what I can read and eat and study. I can choose how Im going to regard unfortunate circumstances in my life-whether I will see them as curses or opportunities. I can choose my words and the tone of voice in which I speak to others. And most of all, I can choose my thoughts.† (Elizabeth Gilbert). In the movie, â€Å"No Country for Old Men,† A character by the name of, Llewelyn Moss, is caught in the cross fires of money, his actions, his thoughts, and most of all his own fate. Throughout the movie he is in a constant rat race with a man who goes by the name of, Anton Chigurh, who is a hit man that was hired to get the money that moss had stumbled upon and taken. Ofcourse Moss did not have to take this money and if he didn’t he wouldn’t be dealing with money, power, or the very predetermined fate of himself throughout the movie. Chigur also acts an officer of fate making up his own rules as he sees fit. Although Moss’s character may represent free will he also represents the fate that people make on their life after making one poor decision. Not only does this money ruin the fate of moss but it always toys with the fate of Moss’s wife, the owner of the gas station, and the children who were paid off to keep quiet. Some may say that it is not money that is the root of all evil but it is power. So does money and power go hand in hand? With money you have the power to control whatever you want, and with the most power you gain fear in others as well as continue to gain money from those who fear you. In â€Å"No Country for Old men† there is a constant battle between the power money holds on oneself as well as the fate of a life through money. The first time money determines a person’s fate is  during the coin flip at the gas station. When Chigurh realizes that the man working at the counter knows where he is from, he now becomes a witness of who Chigurh is and where he may be from. Maybe if the man would have just been quiet in the first place instead of trying to use the small talk and be friendly Chigurh would have never even have to have the thought of killing the man in the first place. But because the man is the person he is and just wanted to help â€Å"time pass† it pulled a spark and brought the whole conversation in another direction. Chigurh then begins to question the man. What time do you close? Do you stay out back? What time do you go to sleep? The Owner knew he was in some type of trouble and quickly tries to hurry the man out of his store so that he can reach some type of safe zone between him and Chigurh. The conversation continues and that’s when it starts to get a little interesting. Chigurh finds out that the man was married into the business. He didn’t want it nor did he save his earnings but fate brought him to that gas station and Fate would determine his life in a coin toss. â€Å"It is interesting, however, to note the way Chigurh and the Proprietor discuss the stakes of the game. The Proprietor is no doubt aware of the danger hes in, but is carefully trying to determine the nature of the danger. They both avoid talking about the stakes of the game directly the Proprietor, because if he says it, it might happen; Chigurh, because he considers himself an agent of Fate. Discussing it directly would make him responsible, and hes not; the evil swirling through the film is bigger than this one man† (goodreasonblog.blogspot.com). Fate had played a life saving role in this man’s life but so did money. The flip the coin would determine his fate and that is when we right back on the subject of how which played a bigger role? The coin had all the power, although it was an instrument of the fate the man would determine on his own it still had the power. So can we really say that his fate was the reason this man is still alive? In the owners good graces he won the coin coin flip and his life was spared. But what if he had lost that coin flip? Do you really think Chigurgh would have killed an innocent man just because he noticed where he was from? Well that question could have been answered at the end of the movie when Chigurgh shows up at Moss’s wife, Carla Jean’s, house. Carla Jean finds herself seated across from the emotionless Chigurh. Chigurh had promised Moss that he would allow Carla Jean to live if the money was returned to Chigurh. He  assures Moss that it is the best deal he has to offer. Moss would have died either way but Chigurh promises Moss that he would not harm his wife as long as Moss listened to him. But of course determining the fate of himself and his wife Moss chooses not to listen to Chigurhs orders. It is really heartbreaking at this point in the movie because we all know Carla Jean is going to die. The power money has on a person is quite disgusting in this movie because we see that Moss truly chose his money over his wife. Chigurh tells Carla Jean that Moss could have saved her but the power of money had taken over Moss’s mind and moss made a decision for them both to suffer. â€Å"You don’t have to do this† Carla jean tells Chigurh. Chigurh then chooses to offer her the same coin flip option that he had previously offered the lucky old man at the gas station. Unlike the old man, Carla Jean refuses to call it when asked, even after the coin had been flipped and was just waiting to be called â€Å"The coin don’t have no say in it – it’s just you.† Chigurh again points out that he â€Å"got here the same way as the coin did.† Fate brought him to her house because of her husband and the power of money is what would kill Carl Jean in the end. Not only doe Chigurh try determining the fate of others, He also tries to determine the fate of himself. At the end of the movie when Chigurh is hit he pays a boy to keep quiet and act like nothing ever happened. Why would Chigurh do this? He is using his money to determine his fate. Chigurh knows that the lower his profile the less chances he will have of getting caught and going to prison for the illegal activity he has had going on. All in all none of these people had to do what they did. These were the choices they made and because of that, fate had a new twist on their life. Moss did not have to steal the money but he knew with more money came the happiness him and his wife had been working for. Maybe he did it out of love or maybe he was just being greedy we will never really know. Even Chigurh had the choice to not kill all those people because of Moss. All of those people who had died was a predetermined fate that was out of their control. Fate, in this movie, obviously came in more than one sub category. The money meant power and the power controlled ones fate. â€Å"Every moment in your life is a turning and every one a choosing. Somewhere you made a choice. All followed to this. The accounting is scrupulous. The shape is drawn. No line  can be erased. I had no belief in your ability to move a coin to your bidding. How could you? A persons path through the world seldom changes and even more seldom will it change abruptly. And the shape of your path was visible from the beginning.† (coen 259) http://goodreasonblog.blogspot.com/2010/01/no-country-for-old-men-coin-toss-scene.html http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/fate

Abraham Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation :: American History Research Papers

Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation Until Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on 22 September 1862, the President’s enunciation of Civ il War aims centered squarely upon the restoration of the Union, and purposefuly omited the inclusion of the abolition of slavery. Dismantling the institution of slavery was not his ultimate objective, and Lincoln was forced to pursue a war strategy tha t would not push the slaveholding border -states into the open arms of the Confederacy. General John C. Fremont, however, living up to his reputation for impulsive acts and liberal interpretations of his own authority, proclaimed the freedom of any slave c onfiscated under his command in Missouri. This order ran counter to Lincoln’s war strategy and threatened to deliver Kentucky and other border - states to the Confederacy. Nevertheless, although Fr6mont’s decision was injudicious and unconstitutional accord ing to Lincoln, the conditions in Missouri, the strategic importance of hol ding that state, and the latitude given by the inistration to Fremont in his western department command, indicate that his order may have had military and political value, but th at it was il timed. As a result, Lincoln did not censure or relieve Fremont for this particular act, but congenialy asked him to amend his proclamation to avert unwanted political and military consequences. Lincoln’s belief in the utility of emancipati on as a tool to defeat the South was demonstrated a year later with the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. Expressions of Character —Who was John C. Fremont? In the course of a lifetime, each person wil act and react in various ways when he or s he is confronted with particular circumstances and situations. While individual expressions of behavior can be misleading, paterns of behavior can reveal true character and values. Fremont is no exception. Long before he proclaimed the slaves of Missou ri’s Confederate sympathizers to be free, Fremont frequently acted and interacted in a manner that indicated an aversion to authority, an enduring pride, and an impulsive and independent nature. The strength of these characteristics wil be made clear in a discussion of his emancipation order, but first it is necessary to examine a selection of Fr6mont’s earlier experiences so that the order can be put in beter perspective. Expeditions. Fremont is best known for his role as an instrument of America n Empire as he surveyed and mapped the burgeoning American frontier.

Internal Migration in India and Citizenship implications

An essay on eye-scanning, Indian's floating population and inclusive governance. â€Å"That will give me an identity,† he said, gesturing at the computer station where he had Just completed his enrolment. â€Å"It will show that I am a human being, that I am alive, that I live on this planet. It will prove I am an Indian. † – Mohammed Jail, (New York Times 2011 Introduction The 2011 report of the MIAMI on internal migration and human development in India estimated the number of internal migrants to be around 400 million people, at that time roughly a third of the total population.The MIMI was launched by EUNICE and UNESCO to respond to the many problems existing around this population, also referred to as the ‘floating population'. These migrants, often never really settled, face great difficulties in accessing social security as this is often linked to residence. This is but one of the many ways in which these people are treated as ‘second-class citi zens', discrimination, a lack of political representation and low wage work being other examples. The aim of the MIMI to ensure: â€Å"†¦ Hat processes of urban development are socially equitable† 2 crystallized In the launching of an â€Å"informal outwork of 200 researchers, NAGS, policy makers. I-JNI agencies and key partners† focused on raising attention given to internal migrants in policy and practices (UNESCO, 2011). The Indian government project called ‘Dharma' might be an interesting development to these problems. It is a hugely scoped project aimed at providing all Indian residents with an identity by scanning their eyes and entrusting them with a number, enabling them to claim for example social benefits and a bank account .In this paper I seek to answer the question whether this project might actually benefit this floating population, and how this can be embedded In a broader discussion on citizenship and legibility. Indian's floating population' As the MIMI report stressed to be the basis for its creation, the internal migrant population of India has up till now received very little attention from either research or polices, partly because of the difficulties In gathering data. Most attention got diverted to international migrants, as their positive potential to contribute to development was well researched and backed by political and economic interest.First of all, speaking of the floating population does ignore the diverse backgrounds, practices and reasons to migrate of the people concerned. Goodling and West (2002) stress in their paper on the floating population in China that there is no set definition for this concept. It Is mostly used to denote the part of a population someplace else than where they are registered (Ibid. , 2002). Definitions and ambiguities put aside, this category does provide us with new and potentially better tailored ways of looking at urban development issues.A quick glance at Indian swapper a rticles concerning internal migrants helps gain some insight in the myriad of problems surrounding this issue. A 2012 article in the Times of India reports how the floating population (in Locknut, India), mostly not accounted for in enumerations, appear to be the cause of major water shortages, as the water supply is based on the number of permanently settled. Other articles report discrimination migrants face. An article from 2008 (CNN- BIN)4 for instance shows how migrants become the subject of political discrimination and commotion in Iambi.Political leaders articulate and incite an anger against the migrants, aerating an ‘other' which is blamed to be an economic burden, obstructing the freedom of ‘normal' citizens and â€Å"milking Mamba's resources† (Ibid. 2008). Whereas some government policies seek to tackle the problems surrounding this population through settlement relocation and infrastructural improvements (Times of India 2013)5, initiatives such as the aforementioned MIMI pursue making them visible and included in society.As was shortly noted in the introduction, the MIMI recognizes a trend of expanded use of rights based approaches in Indian law and policy. This generally means a ore equal citizenship and ways of governing, as government institutions are built more around the focus of ensuring and fulfilling human rights of all. The Indian Supreme Court has been a fundamental actor in demanding this change in government approach, and has for instance ordered the government in 2001 to provide a daily warm meal to every Indian schoolchild as part of the right to food.But how to ensure and fulfill the rights of those who can't be seen? In the particular case of the MIMI it means: â€Å"focus development of policy frameworks and practical strategies awards ensuring that all migrants have access to services and entitlements as enshrined in policies and law; and that urban settlements become inclusive spaces as they expand in size an d diversity'. In practice it means slow and arduous changes and redefinitions of social and economic rights.As the migrants are politically underrepresented, lobbying on their behalf is done largely by bodies such as the IM†. One particular government project might provide the nation's poor, as well as the floating ones, a shortcut to claiming some of the rights hitherto denied to them. Scanning eyes and citizenship As of 2009 the Indian government has initiated a project aimed at identifying and registering all 1. 2 billion Indian residents and giving them an identification number: Dharma. It is done combined with a retina-scan to ensure the uniqueness of the identity.As Sabine Demented, working for one of the companies hired to carry out the identification, puts it: â€Å"It will enable people to open checking accounts, apply for loans, insurance, pensions, property deeds, etc. What's more, the government wants to make sure that welfare benefits go directly to the right per son† (Saffron Magazine, 010). The only demands made of people in order to register are a retina-scan and fingerprint, name, gender (even transgender is possible), address and date of birth. Million people as of March 20146.For one, it circumvents the widely used village- based identity system, making it hard or impossible for migrants to claim rights in a place where they are not registered. Some of the other assumed potentials, as framed in an article by the New York Times (2011)7, are ways in which citizenship will be less mediated through caste- , religious- or kin groups, but rather through an individual national identity. For the floating population, who often experience discrimination based on their respective group-identity, or exclusion because a lack thereof, this might prove to be a real structural change to their good.It is also argued that this form of e-governance bypasses corruption, which is often linked to the inability of the poor to assert their rights throug h official bodies. Interaction with the state is hence deadline from local gatekeepers, which is important as, according to the Dharma director Ram Seven Sahara: â€Å"One cannot improve human beings†¦ But nee can certainly improve systems†. This, of course, is questionable in its own right.Reanimating (2012) sees this kind of service-consumer relationship, as is excreted through such systems, as a hindrance to political citizenship and a representative democracy (p. 129). Accessibility might be improved, but the means to criticize remain weak. As the project is still being implemented it is not easy nor feasible to entirely predict its potentials or flaws. In theory, though, one could wonder to what extension this project really brings about a first-class citizenship for all. The simplicity of the Dharma identification number gives it great inclusive strength.Whereas before traditional group- or village based identification made it hard for internal migrants to claim ce rtain rights, as the negotiation is often done through the same channels, a more direct way of interacting with government services has been made possible. The simplicity also lays bare the eventual narrow implications to the poor. As Harvey stresses in ‘The Right to the City (2003): â€Å"The freedom to make and remake ourselves and our cities is, I want to argue, one of the most precious yet most neglected of our human rights† (p. 2).If citizenship means recognition by state and law and henceforth attaining the human rights bestowed upon citizens in a democracy, Dharma falls short in scope. It does not enable people to vote, nor does it empower them in gaining settlement rights. Furthermore, although it is not something to blame the project itself for, other structural as well as social and economic constraints keeping the floating population away from full citizenship still remain firmly rooted. Still too little attention is directed towards tackling real societal pr oblems, such as discriminatory practices and uncontrolled arbitration.To conclude, I do believe the first steps toward including this huge neglected part of the Indian population are being taken, and that in itself can be seen as a very good development indeed. Improving legibility, which this project in essence is to the government ( and which James Scott might condemn in other conditions), can in such abominable conditions of inequality truly contribute to strengthening the position of the weakest, albeit in really small steps.

The Misery in Evil

There is a lot we can learn from infants. Infants have control over their emotions. When they feel hungry, they cry. When we feed them, they stop. They react the same way when dealing with such feelings and emotions such as nausea, sleep, and even anger. The children know how to let their emotions flow and as soon as the emotion is dealt with, they let the feelings go. As life becomes more complicated, people tend to forget how to let thing flow and then let them go. The older we get, the more we hold in the emotional baggage, allow ourselves to be possessed by them. Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights tells a very good story of the consequences of holding emotions in without ever releasing them. The characters in the book are so deeply enveloped into their emotions that they create prisons for their minds. Their own acts of hate and unkindness create these prisons; prisons that won't let them escape from their misery. From a very early age, the seeds of hatred are planted into Hindley. When the orphan boy, Heathcliff is brought home to live with the Earnshaw family, Hindley becomes immediately jealous when the love of his father goes into Heathcliff. Along with his sister, Catherine, the two work together to ridicule the orphan child of his disabilities, mainly his illiteracy. When Hindley's father dies, he goes on to make Heathcliff's life miserable. He treats Heathcliff as one of the servants and terminates his education. The hatred is spread into Heathcliff as he vows to seek revenge on Hindley. While Hindley continued his abuse on Heathcliff, Catherine falls in love with the orphan child. However, Catherine had a personal ambition to find someone that would carry her away like an enchanted princess. She got this opportunity when she was allowed to enter the Linton house. Heathcliff, on the other hand, was told to go back home. While Catherine learned the ways of the rich, Heathcliff started his plan to seek revenge. One of the interesting aspects of the book is the fact that Heathcliff started off with the typical romantic hero. He was the orphan child, destined to rise above the standards. However, Bronte doesn't allow Heathcliff to transcend above his position in life. Throughout the novel, Heathcliff commits act of pure evil that is very hard for the reader to believe. He starts by killing a few dogs and goes on to create even more havoc. He tortures Isabella by testing her undying love for him. He even goes on to plan the use of his own child to seek revenge on his arch nemesis, Edgar Linton. All the while, the one thing that caused all of his pain, all of his misery, never stopped haunting him. Catherine died from the love she had for Heathcliff. Her acts of unkindness towards him led to her misery which would eventually lead to her death. Heathcliff could never bury Catherine and he felt like her ghost was always around watching him, waiting for him to join her. Heathcliff's ultimate revenge would take place by destroying the love between Hareton and the young Catherine. He tried to recreate a love triangle between his son Linton Heathcliff, the young Catherine, and Hareton. However, the young Catherine reminded Heathcliff of his love for her mother so much, that his desire to fulfill his act of revenge soon disappeared. When he finally realized this, his anger, his rage, turned to misery. Like his love before him, he let the misery take over, which would lead him to his own death. Heathcliff, along with many other characters in the story, were locked inside a cage they couldn't escape. The lock was composed of love, hatred, revenge and misery. For the second generation of children in the story (Heathcliff, Edgar Linton, Hindley, and Catherine), the self-made prisons made for some very miserable lives and depressing deaths.

Economic Value Added Essays

Economic Value Added Essays Economic Value Added Essay Economic Value Added Essay Return on Investment and Economic Value Added This ultimately guides stakeholders to make appropriate decisions based on Information available to them to determine what the organization wants to achieve and how the performance will be measured. Organizations that are large in structure and operations focus has been to ensure shareholders wealth are maximizes which means management, investors and other takeovers require to know the performance of the organization as this will aid them to make appropriate. We will consider the measures put in place both financial and non financial that will enable handlers of organization to have a good evaluation of the performance of the business. 1 Organizational Structures According to Tudor Spencer (2005) who stated that No two organizations are financially managed in an identical way. This is because different organizations have different purpose, operate in different environments, have different histories or Just managed by unique personalities with different references (Tudor Spencer 2005; peg 130). Large organizations are grouped into divisional and non-divisional organizational structures. In dillydallied organization the structure causes a decentralization of decision making process as the central head office creates different divisions managed by divisional managers. This is the opposite in non divisional organization as responsibility for profit lies with the central head office. The divisional manages are given autonomy to determine profit responsibility which falls into an investment, profit or cost centre. Investment centre Investment centers are basically decentralized dollops that a manager of an organization has control and maximum discretion. The manager will determine the level and type of capital investment decision the division will handle, operating decision on product mix, pricing and various production methods for the division. Profit centre Profit centers are divisions that the managers do not have control over investments decision making process In the division. The manager responsibility Is to ensure that profit Is generated from operations on the assets from the head office which the division reports to directly. Cost centre Cost centers are divisions where the managers are only responsible for cost but not profit. 1. 1 Divisional Performance measurement Performance evaluation of dollops can be considered In two aspects;- Return on Economic Value Added (EVA) 1. 12 Return on Investment (ROI) The return on investment (ROI) is a performance measurement mostly used for an investment centre. It is expresses divisional profit as a percentage of the assets employed in the operations of the division. ROI = Net income/lamented capital ROI = [Net income X Sales (Revenue) (Revenue) X Invested capital] ROI= Net refit ratio x Capital turnover The intent of this measure is to evaluate the success of an organization or division by comparing its operating income to its invested capital. The ROI is generally an objective measure used on historic accounting information. This is shown in illustration 1 under Appendix 1 where the return on investment of Company A in Division C is analyses. Advantages of Return on Investment measurement . It can be used to make comparison among divisions with different lines of business and sizes. II. Decisions taken by a division to increase its ROI may increase he overall profitability of the organization. Ill. This measure draws the attention of the divisional manager on the assets employed in the divisions and motivates more investment in assets that an adequate return can be derived on them A division can improve ROI in two ways; The profit margin earned per sales dollar can be increased. The sales revenue generated per dollar of invested capital can be increased (this is known as asset turnover). When a manager is evaluated only on the level of profit with no regard to asset employed the tendency would be to increase assets and therefore increase profit. Interestingly, ROI takes into account size differences across the various divisions. For example, assume the managers of divisions A and B earned $1,000,000 and $800,000 in operating income respectively. An assumed interpretation of these differences in operating income would be that the manager of division A performed better than the manager of division B. This viewpoint may not necessarily be correct because the source of division Ass higher income may be its greater size relative to division B. This problem can be addressed when ROI is used to measure each divisions income relative to the asset base deployed. This standardizes the computation into a ratio while less attention is given to the absolute amount. Limitations of Return on Investment measurement According to Morse, et al, (1996), the main disadvantage of ROI is that it can encourage managers, who are evaluated and rewarded based solely on this measure, to make investment divisions that are in their own best interests, while not being in the best interests of the company as a whole. L. Profit can be manipulated by managers by changing accounting policies or the use of different Judgment as noted that Profit is a matter of opinion, cash flow is a matter of fact II. The use of ROI as performance measure for managers may lead to goal incongruence. Where a divisional manager rejects a potential project although generate a positive net present value (NAP) but ultimately reduces the managers ROI. Ill. The problem with using ROI to reward performance in these situations is that managers are penalized, in terms of financial compensation, for decisions made that lower their ROI while increasing the firms wealth. Accordingly, the managers conduct may lead to companys cost of capital. From the firms perspective this is viewed as dysfunctional decision making. From the managers perspective, the over-reliance on ROI as a performance indicator gives the manager no alternative choice. 1. Economic Value Added (EVA) According to Sahara Kumar (2010), EVA is a measurement of the true economic profit generated by a firm. EVA is also referred to as the financial performance measure that is based on operating income after taxes, the investment in assets required to generate that income, and the cost of the investment in assets (or, weighted average cost of capital). Hansen Owen (1997) referred to the three elements used in calculating EVA as operating income after tax, investment in assets, ND the cost of capital. The formula to measure EVA is: EVA = Operating income after tax (investment in assets x weighted average cost of capital). Use of EVA as a Divisional Performance measure In a decentralized organization, divisions are compared with the central head office. The use of EVA encourages divisional managers to maximize the wealth of their various divisions. The use of EVA would ensure that managers invest only in projects which the returns on the project are above the cost of capital of the organization. The primary strength of EVA is that it provides a measure of wealth reaction that aligns the goals of divisional or plant managers with the goals of the entire company. Disadvantage of EVA Performance measurement Although EVA has advantage over ROI, this measure has four limitations that are presented as follows; Size differences The use of EVA has no control over size differences across divisions according to Hansen Owen (1997). A larger division will tend to have a higher EVA when compared to smaller divisions. While EVA is more effective than ROI at aligning divisional managers goals with corporate goals, it has no control for size differences cross organizational units like ROI. Financial orientation EVA is relies on financial accounting methods of revenue realization and expense recognition. If motivated to do so, managers can manipulate these figures by altering their decision making processes (Horned, et al. , 1997). Managers can manipulate the revenue recognized during an accounting period by selecting which customer orders to fill and which to delay. This is basically to increase current period EVA and an adverse blow to customer satisfaction and retention. Discretionary expenditures can be stopped to increase EVA. Managers ay decide not to replace completely depreciated assets and keep the equipment in its financial record. This action lowers the asset base and ensures that no depreciation expense charges are recognized. Short-term orientation The intent of a performance measurement system should be to match employees effort, creativity, and accomplishments with their compensation. According to Hayes Abernathy (1980), the authors referred in their article that although innovation, the unduly penalize failure, the predictable result of relying too heavily on short-term financial measures a sort of managerial remote control is an environment in which o one feels he or she can afford a failure or even a momentary dip in the bottom line. Results-orientation The financial figures prepared to determine EVA and accumulated at the end of an accounting period do not help to ascertain the main cause(s) of operational inefficiencies in a division. These measures offer limited useful information to people charged with the responsibility of managing business processes. The reports state the obvious that performance had declined but they do not help offer solutions to the non accounting business managers who are responsible for improving the value delivered to customers. 1. 4 Possible Solution to mitigate Short term focus of mangers EVA and other financial measures should be a major performance measurement of the organization, but should be in combination with balanced measures that encompass all the performance attributes critical to long-term success. Kaplan and Norton (1992) created a framework tagged balanced scorecard that integrates four types of performance attributes that are important to long term success in an organization. These attributes are embedded in the customer perspective, the internal business process perspective, the innovation and learning perspective, and the financial respective. The strategic objectives of a company are what determine the specific measures it will include in its scorecard. Once a clear understanding of the firms strategy exists, the process of formulating a balanced scorecard begins by selecting appropriate measures for each of the four perspectives. L. The customer perspective by selecting measures that define success from the customers point of view, such as customer retention rates, on-time delivery percentage, or surveys of customer satisfaction. II. The internal business process perspective focuses on nonofficial assure that reflect how well a firm is translating inputs into outputs that are valued by customers. Cycle time, yield percentage, and quality defect rate are examples of internal business process measures that may be used. Ill. The innovation and learning perspective measures are leading indicators that reflect the likelihood a firm will continue to be world-class competitive in the long run. V. The financial perspective is where measures such as EVA, ROI, revenue growth, and stock price make complete sense. EVA would provide useful insight into the wealth creating ability of a division or organization as a whole. Transfer Pricing in an Organization The important feature of decentralization in large organizations is the creation of responsibility centers (e. G. Cost, profit, or investment centers). The performance of these responsibility centers is measured on the basis of various accounting investment. Transfer price is the notional value at which goods and services are transferred from one division of a company to another division in a decentralized organization. The supplying division will give intermediate goods to the receiving division while the receiving division will sell final product to the external market. According to Dry (2009) he stated that The objective of the receiving division is to subject the intermediate products to further processing before it is sold as a final product in the outside market. The transfer price of the intermediate product represents a cost to the receiving division and a revenue to the supplying division (Dry 2009; peg 326). Purposes of Transfer Pricing There are some major reasons to operate a transfer pricing system:- Appropriate transfer prices will assist to coordinate the production, sales and pricing decisions of the different divisions. Transfer prices enable the company to generate different refit figures for the various divisions which aid to measure the performance of each division separately. -Transfer prices ensures autonomy and authority is maintained in divisions. Transfer prices would allow goal congruence. 2. 1 Methods of Transfer Pricing There are four methods of transfer pricing to be considered; Market Based Transfer Pricing In the presence of competitive and stable external markets, many organizations take the external market price as a benchmark for their internal transfer price. Where a market exists outside the organization for the intermediate product and the market is imitative, the use of market price as the transfer price between divisions would generally lead to optimal decision making. Advantages of Market Based Transfer Price l. There are cost savings on internal transfers compared with external sales. Where significant external buying and selling costs exist then a transfer may be set lower than market price to reflect the cost savings from internal transfers. II. The circumstances may lead to negotiated market prices where the total cost savings are apportioned between the buying and selling divisions. In such circumstances an arbitration procedure may be required but too much central intervention of this nature could undermine the autonomy of the divisions. Disadvantages of Market Based Transfer Price l. Where there is no market for the intermediate product or service being considered. II. Difficulty in obtaining a competitive price even when the market exists. Price is only strictly comparable when all features are identical- quality, delivery, finish, and so on. Ill. Market exists but is not perfectly competitive I. E. The market is affected by the pricing decision of divisional managers. V. Market prices that are available may be considered excessive capacity in the intermediate market that current quotations are well below long run average price. In such circumstances the use of either the current, abnormally low price or the long run normal price may lead to sub-optimal decision making on the part of the supplying divisional management or to loss of motivation and autonomy of the purchasing division. Full Cost based transfer pricing systems are usually used because the conditions for setting ideal market prices most times do not exist. For example there may be no intermediate market or the market which does exist may be imperfect. Where the required information is available, a decision rule that would lead to optimal decisions for the organization as a whole would be to transfer at marginal cost up to the point of transfer, plus any opportunity cost to the organization as a whole. Disadvantages of Full cost Transfer Pricing l. The autonomy of divisions would be affected as motivation to do business with other divisions will not be profitable. II. The cost may include inefficiencies of the selling division which would thus be passed on to the buying division. Accordingly, standard cost, rather than actual costs should be used as the basis of the transfer rice in order not to burden the buying department with the inefficiencies of the supplying division. Cost-plus Mark up Transfer Pricing In this method, the transfers are made at full costs plus a profit mark up. The cost plus will be treated by the buying division as an input variable cost so that external selling price decisions based on cost may not be set at levels which are optimal as far as the firm as a whole is concerned. Disadvantages of cost-plus mark up transfer pricing l. The calculated cost is only accurate at one level of output. II. The validity of any pricing decision base on past costs is questionable. Ill. When transfers are made at full cost plus a profit mark up the selling division receives a certain level of profit rendering genuine performance appraisal difficult. V. When the selling division is inefficient or working at low volume the costs may be unacceptably high as far as the buying division is concerned. Negotiated Transfer Pricing Negotiated transfer pricing has the advantage of a free market in which divisional managers buy and sell from each other in a manner at arms length transactions. However, we may not assume that the outcome of these transfer price negotiations will serve the best interests of the company or shareholders. Advantages of Negotiated Transfer Pricing l. Realistic transfer prices are achieved. II. Goal congruence is promoted among divisions of the organization. Ill. Division autonomy and motivation among the managers is achieved. Disadvantages of l. The transfer price could depend on which divisional manager is the better in bargaining rather than whether the transfer results in profit-maximizing production and sourcing decisions. Where divisional managers fail to reach an agreement on price, even though the transfer is in the best interests of the company, senior management might decide to impose a transfer price. However, senior managements imposition of a transfer price defeats the motivation for using a negotiated transfer price in the first place. Organizations basically would adopt the most appropriate performance measure that would increase the overall objective of the organization. This provides a complete representation of a managers performance and ensures a proper balance between processes and results and the short term versus the long term. The financial measures, such as EVA and ROI recognize that ultimately a company needs to hold its people accountable for generating profits; however, the risk of overemphasized worth-run profits needs to be balanced by incorporating the non financial drivers of long-term financial wealth into the performance measurement and reward system. Devotionals organizations operating in a perfect or imperfect market would always find a way to determine the appropriate transfer pricing method to adopt. The analysis of advantages and disadvantages the different transfer methods are required to achieve the overall objective of the organization.

The Christmas Story From the Gospel of Luke in Spanish

The Christmas Story From the Gospel of Luke in Spanish The classic story of the first Christmas from the Gospel of Luke has enchanted readers for centuries. Here is that story from the traditional  Reina-Valera Spanish translation of the Bible, a translation whose cultural importance is comparable to that of the King James Version of the Bible in English and comes from the same era. Lukes Christmas account is one that many English readers will recognize as beginning with And it came to pass in those days, that there went out a decree from Caesar Augustus that all the world should be taxed. Boldfaced words are explained in the vocabulary guide below. San Lucas 2:1-20 Acontecià ³ en aquellos dà ­as que salià ³ un edicto de parte de Cà ©sar Augusto, para levantar un censo de todo el mundo habitado. Este primer censo se realizà ³ mientras Cirenio era gobernador de Siria. Todos iban para inscribirse en el censo, cada uno a su ciudad. Entonces Josà © tambià ©n subià ³ desde Galilea, de la ciudad de Nazaret, a Judea, a la ciudad de David que se llama Belà ©n, porque à ©l era de la casa y de la familia de David, para inscribirse con Marà ­a, su esposa, quien estaba encinta. Acontecià ³ que, mientras ellos estaban allà ­, se cumplieron los dà ­as de su alumbramiento, y dio a luz a su hijo primogà ©nito. Le envolvià ³ en paà ±ales, y le acostà ³ en un pesebre, porque no habà ­a lugar para ellos en el mesà ³n. Habà ­a pastores en aquella regià ³n, que velaban y guardaban las vigilias de la noche sobre su rebaà ±o. Y un ngel del Seà ±or se presentà ³ ante ellos, y la gloria del Seà ±or los rodeà ³ resplandor; y temieron con gran temor. Pero el ngel les dijo: No temis, porque he aquà ­ os doy buenas nuevas de gran gozo, que ser para todo el pueblo: que hoy, en la ciudad de David, os ha nacido un Salvador, que es Cristo el Seà ±or. Y esto os servir de seà ±al: Hallarà ©is al nià ±o envuelto en paà ±ales y acostado en un pesebre. De repente aparecià ³ con el ngel una multitud de las huestes celestiales, que alababan a Dios y decà ­an:  ¡Gloria a Dios en las alturas, y en la tierra paz entre los hombres de buena voluntad! Acontecià ³ que, cuando los ngeles se fueron de ellos al cielo, los pastores se decà ­an unos a otros: Pasemos ahora mismo hasta Belà ©n y veamos esto que ha sucedido, y que el Seà ±or nos ha dado a conocer. Fueron de prisa y hallaron a Marà ­a y a Josà ©, y al nià ±o acostado en el pesebre. Al verle, dieron a conocer lo que les habà ­a sido dicho acerca de este nià ±o. Todos los que oyeron se maravillaron de lo que los pastores les dijeron; pero Marà ­a guardaba todas estas cosas, meditndolas en su corazà ³n. Los pastores se volvieron, glorificando y alabando a Dios por todo lo que habà ­an oà ­do y visto, tal como les habà ­a ido dicho. Vocabulary and Grammar Notes Acontecer usually means to happen. It is found mostly in older literature; modern speakers would more likely use pasar, sucedir, or ocurrir. Aquellos is a demonstrative adjective meaning those. Aquellos suggests a more distant point in time than another demonstrative, esos, which also is used for those. By itself, parte is often the equivalent of part in the sense of portion. However, the phrase de parte de is used to indicate who something is coming from, somewhat like on the part of. Todo el mundo, literally all the world, is a common idiom usually translated as everybody. Realizar is usually better thought of as meaning to make real rather than to realize. It is a common  way of saying that something came to be. Iban and fueron are  forms of the verb ir, to go, which has a strongly irregular conjugation. Belà ©n refers to Bethlehem, one of many city names that are substantially different in English and Spanish. Alumbramiento can refer to either physical illumination or the delivery of a baby. Similarly, the idiom dar a luz (literally, to give light) means to give birth. Primogà ©nito is the equivalent of firstborn. Primo- is related to primero, the word for first, and -genito comes from the same root word as genetic. A pesebre is a manger. Although pastor can be the equivalent of pastor, here it refers to a shepherd. A rebaà ±o is a flock. Although Seà ±or here is the equivalent of Lord, it usually is used in modern Spanish as the equivalent of Mr. Se presentà ³ is an example of a reflexive verb usage, which is more common in Spanish than in English. A literal translation would be presented himself, although it could be more simply be translated as appeared. Pueblo here is a collective noun meaning people. It is grammatically singular but plural in meaning. De repente is an idiom meaning immediately. De prisa is an idiom meaning hurriedly. Al verle is an example of using al with an infinitive. Here the indirect object pronoun le is attached to the infinitive ver. Al in this type of construction is often translated as upon, so al verle means upon seeing him. Meditndolas is an example of attaching a direct object pronoun, las, to a gerund, meditando. Note that the addition of the pronoun requires the addition of an orthographic accent to the third syllable.

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Questions - Essay Example In other words, natural resources (trees and soil) were progressively exchanged, by the islanders, for a range of economic, social, and cultural benefits. They inhabitants of the island then did not balance their needs and those of environmental protection. The archeological makers placed immense pressure on the natural environment such that these demands could not be sustained as discussed above. 3. The problems with Akosombo Dam were related to human migration since people were displaced from their homes. Fertile soils were submerged. The other impacts of the Akosombo Dam and the creation of Lake Volta include the increased occurrence of earthquakes due to readjustments of the Earths crust in response to the enormous weight of additional water in the lake. Thought it was a success story from the other angle, the construction of the dam also had severe impacts on the health of people since cases of diseases such as bilharzias increased. The people who constructed the dam should have started by conducting research so as to establish the impacts of the dam on the people. It was also a good idea to first relocate the people to other areas before commencing the construction of the dam in order to mitigate the severe impacts of poverty that were witnessed later. 4. People we displaced from their homes and their cultural backgrounds were destroyed. This meant that they had to start a new life in other places. The new resettlement areas were characterised by poverty. In short, the moral fabric of the people displaced as a result of the construction of the dam was destroyed. Political poverty is a result of the fact that hydroelectric power is exported to other neighbouring countries while the local communities surrounding the place continue to wallow in poverty. 5. How can we implement environmental ethics in the UAE? Environmental ethics are primarily concerned with our responsibilities as we interact with the

How can a post-structuralist Reading of Henrik Ibsens Peer Gynt, Wild Essay

How can a post-structuralist Reading of Henrik Ibsens Peer Gynt, Wild duck, and When We Dead awaken, accentuate the political dimensions of his work - Essay Example ated by reference to Derrida’s play of signifiers; section (3) examines When We Dead Waken as part of progressive statement on the role of the artist; finally, the dissertation concludes by considering the unifying characteristics of the plays, and the broader role of post-structural thought. It’s argued that not only is Ibsen one of the primary fathers of Modern Drama, but that specific elements in his oeuvre – Gynt’s conversation with the Boyg, the signification of the ‘wild duck’ – demand a post-structural lens to approach comprehension. When possible, contemporary post-structural scholarship has been incorporated into the dissertation. These plays have been chosen for their resistance to traditional critical approaches. Less emphasis has been placed on developing an inter-textual framework between the plays, as it’s believed such an approach is better suited to a more comprehensive selection. If there is an underlining theme that emerged in the construction of the dissertation it is that the art object anticipates the critical framework needed to adequately articulate its textual functions. That is, traditional Ibsen scholarship was handicapped by an inability to articulate elements of the plays that the post-structural framework, albeit flawed, contributes newfound insight. In keeping with a great amount of post-structural discursivity the essay establishes a methodological framework that is not restricted to an overarching narrative. In the examination of three seminal texts – Peer Gynt, Wild Duck, and When We Dead Awaken -- a myriad of post-structural lenses, including those of Jacques Derrida, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Paul De Man, are coupled with what Foucault (2006) terms ‘founders of discursivity,’ Sigmund Freud and Karl Marx. In refining a critical understanding of these ideas, this dissertation is highly indebted to Professor of English at Yale University, Paul H. Fry, whose open-access Survey of the Theory of